Diltiazem Clorhidrato Genfar may be available in the countries listed below.
Diltiazem hydrochloride (a derivative of Diltiazem) is reported as an ingredient of Diltiazem Clorhidrato Genfar in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Demethylchlortetracycline Hydrochloride may be available in the countries listed below.
Demethylchlortetracycline Hydrochloride (JAN) is known as Demeclocycline in the US.
International Drug Name Search
Glossary
| JAN | Japanese Accepted Name |
Generic Name: cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) (KOE le kal SIF e role)
Brand Names: D 1000 IU, D3-5, D3-50, Delta D3, Vitamin D3
Cholecalciferol is a vitamin D3. Vitamin D is important for the absorption of calcium from the stomach and for the functioning of calcium in the body.
Cholecalciferol is used to treat or prevent many conditions caused by a lack of vitamin D, especially conditions of the skin or bones.
Cholecalciferol may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Before taking cholecalciferol, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have heart disease, kidney disease, or an electrolyte imbalance.
Avoid using calcium supplements or antacids without your doctor's advice. Use only the specific type of supplement or antacid your doctor recommends. Tell your doctor about all your prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.
Overdose symptoms may include headache, weakness, drowsiness, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, constipation, muscle or bone pain, metallic taste in the mouth, weight loss, itchy skin, changes in heart rate, loss of interest in sex, confusion, unusual thoughts or behavior, severe pain in your upper stomach spreading to your back, or fainting.
high levels of calcium in your blood (hypercalcemia);
high levels of vitamin D in your body (hypervitaminosis D); or
any condition that makes it hard for your body to absorb nutrients from food (malabsorption).
If you have any of these other conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely use cholecalciferol:
heart disease;
kidney disease; or
an electrolyte imbalance.
Take this medication exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take it in larger amounts or for longer than recommended.
Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results from this medication.
Measure liquid medicine with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
Cholecalciferol is only part of a complete program of treatment that may also include a special diet. It is very important to follow the diet plan created for you by your doctor or nutrition counselor. You should become very familiar with the list of foods you must eat or avoid to help control your condition.
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, wait until then to take the medicine and skip the missed dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
Overdose symptoms may include headache, weakness, drowsiness, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, constipation, muscle or bone pain, metallic taste in the mouth, weight loss, itchy skin, changes in heart rate, loss of interest in sex, confusion, unusual thoughts or behavior, severe pain in your upper stomach spreading to your back, or fainting.
Avoid using calcium supplements or antacids without your doctor's advice. Use only the specific type of supplement or antacid your doctor recommends.
thinking problems, changes in behavior, feeling irritable;
urinating more than usual;
chest pain, feeling short of breath; or
early signs of vitamin D overdose (weakness, metallic taste in your mouth, weight loss, muscle or bone pain, constipation, nausea, and vomiting).
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Before taking cholecalciferol, tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines:
seizure medication;
cholestyramine (Prevalite, Questran);
colestipol (Colestid);
steroids (prednisone and others);
digoxin (digitalis, Lanoxin); or
a diuretic (water pill) such as chlorothiazide (Diuril), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, HydroDiuril, Hyzaar, Lopressor, Vasoretic, Zestoretic), chlorthalidone (Hygroton, Thalitone), indapamide (Lozol), metolazone (Mykrox, Zaroxolyn), and others.
This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with cholecalciferol. Tell your doctor about all your prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.
See also: D3-5 side effects (in more detail)
In the US, Maalox Anti-Gas (simethicone systemic) is a member of the drug class miscellaneous GI agents and is used to treat Endoscopy or Radiology Premedication, Functional Gastric Disorder, Gas and Postoperative Gas Pains.
US matches:
Simeticone is reported as an ingredient of Maalox Anti-Gas in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Egibren may be available in the countries listed below.
Selegiline hydrochloride (a derivative of Selegiline) is reported as an ingredient of Egibren in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Dopanore may be available in the countries listed below.
Methyldopa is reported as an ingredient of Dopanore in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Serious cardiopulmonary reactions, including fatalities, have occurred during or following perflutren-containing microsphere administration.
Optison™ (Perflutren Protein-Type A Microspheres Injectable Suspension, USP) is a sterile non-pyrogenic suspension of microspheres of human serum albumin with perflutren for contrast enhancement during the indicated ultrasound imaging procedures. The vial contains a clear liquid lower layer and a white upper layer that, after resuspension by gentle mixing, provides a homogeneous, opaque, milky-white suspension for intravenous injection.
Perflutren is chemically characterized as 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,3-perflutren with a molecular weight of 188, an empirical formula of C3F8 and it has the following structural formula:
Each mL of Optison contains 5.0-8.0×108 protein-type A microspheres, 10 mg Albumin Human, USP, 0.22 ± 0.11 mg/mL perflutren, 0.2 mg N-acetyltryptophan, and 0.12 mg caprylic acid in 0.9% aqueous sodium chloride. The headspace of the vial is filled with perflutren gas. The pH is adjusted to 6.4-7.4. The protein in the microsphere shell makes up approximately 5-7% (w/w) of the total protein in the liquid. The microsphere particle size parameters are listed in Table 1.
| Mean diameter (range) | 3.0-4.5µm (max. 32.0µm) |
| Percent less than 10µm | 95% |
The Optison microspheres create an echogenic contrast effect in the blood.
Studies in humans have evaluated the pharmacokinetics of the perflutren component of the Optison microspheres. After injection of Optison, diffusion of the perflutren gas out of the microspheres is limited by the low partition coefficient of the gas in blood that contributes to the persistence of the microspheres. The diffusion rate has not been studied.
In an anesthetized dog model, the acoustic properties of Optison were established at 0.6 mechanical index and 2.5 MHz frequency.
Neither the pharmacokinetics of the intact microspheres or of the human albumin component have been evaluated in humans.
Perflutren is a stable gas that is not metabolized. The human albumin component of the microsphere is expected to be handled by the normal metabolic routes for human albumin.
Following a single intravenous dose of 20 mL Optison to 10 healthy volunteers (5 men and 5 women), most of the perflutren was eliminated through the lungs within 10 minutes. The recovery was 96% ± 23% (mean ± SD), and the pulmonary elimination half-life was 1.3 ± 0.69 minutes (mean ± SD). The perflutren concentration in expired air peaked approximately 30-40 seconds after administration.
The binding of perflutren to plasma proteins or its partitioning into blood cells have not been studied. However, perflutren protein binding is expected to be minimal due to the low partition coefficient of the gas in blood.
The pharmacokinetics of Optison have not been studied in patients with hepatic or respiratory diseases.
The effects of gender, age, or race on the pharmacokinetics of Optison have not been studied.
Drug-drug interactions for Optison have not been studied.
The pharmacokinetics of Optison in pediatric patients have not been studied.
The general acoustic properties of Optison are similar to those of ALBUNEX®. The acoustic impedance of the Optison microspheres is much lower than that of the blood. Therefore, impinging ultrasound waves are scattered and reflected at the microsphere-blood interface and ultimately may be visualized in the ultrasound image. At the frequencies used in adult echocardiography (2-5 MHz), the microspheres resonate which further increases the extent of ultrasound scattering and reflection.
As assessed by the unblinded investigators in clinical studies, the median duration of Optison contrast enhancement for each of the four doses of Optison (0.2, 0.5, 3.0, and 5.0 mL) were approximately one, two, four, and five minutes, respectively (see CLINICAL TRIALS section).
The efficacy of Optison was evaluated in two identical multicenter, dose escalation, randomized, cross-over studies of Optison and ALBUNEX®. The test drugs were administered single blind and the image analysis was double blind. Eligible patients were undergoing routine echocardiography and all patients were required to have at least two of six segments of the left ventricular endocardial border that were not well delineated in the apical 4-chamber view. In these studies, the 203 patients (Study A: n=101, Study B: n=102) received at least one dose of study drug had the following characteristics: 79% men, 21% women, 64% White, 25% Black, 10% Hispanic, and 1% other race or ethnic group. The patients had a mean age of 61 years (range: 21 to 83 years), a mean weight of 196 lbs (range: 117 to 342 lbs), a mean height of 68 inches (range: 47 to 78 inches), and a mean body surface area of 2.0m2 (range: 1.4 to 2.6m2). Approximately 23% of the patients had chronic pulmonary disease, and 17% had congestive and dilated cardiomyopathy with left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEFs) of between 20% and 40% (by previous echocardiography). Patients with a LVEF of less than 20% or with New York Heart Association Class IV heart failure were not included in the studies.
The study test drugs were four doses of Optison (0.2, 0.5, 3.0 and 5.0 mL) and two doses of ALBUNEX® (0.08 and 0.22 mL/kg). The two test drugs were administered to the patients in a random sequence, with two to ten days between each drug. After non-contrast imaging, the test doses were administered in ascending order with at least ten minutes between each dose. Ultrasound settings were optimized for the baseline (non-contrast) apical four-chamber view and remained unchanged for the contrast imaging. Static echocardiographic images and video-tape segments were interpreted by a reader who was blinded to the patient's clinical history and to the identity and dose of the test drug. The primary efficacy endpoint was left ventricular endocardial border delineation, assessed before and after Optison administration, by the measurement of visualized endocardial border length. The six segments of the left ventricular endocardial border were also assessed qualitatively (i.e., not well delineated, average delineation, good delineation, excellent delineation) before and after Optison administration.
In comparison to non-contrast ultrasound, Optison significantly increased the length of endocardial border that could be visualized both at end-systole and end-diastole (see Table 2). In these patients there was a trend towards less visualization in women. Similarly, in comparison to non-contrast ultrasound, Optison significantly improved the qualitative ability to delineate each of the left ventricular segments, though the effect was less for the septal segments. As assessed by videodensitometry, Optison increased left ventricular opacification (peak intensity) in the mid-chamber and apical views (see Table 3). In subset analysis, Optison tended to enhance the quality of the spectral Doppler signal of the pulmonary veins. The imaging effects of Optison on endocardial border delineation and left ventricular opacification tended to be qualitatively similar in patients with and without pulmonary disease or dilated cardiomyopathy.
In these studies, quantitative measures of left ventricular function (e.g., ejection fraction), quantitative measurements of anatomical structures (e.g., wall thickness), or the evaluation of myocardial perfusion were not performed.
| Length at End-Systole (cm) | Length at End-Diastole (cm) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optison dose | n | mean ± S.D. | n | mean |
| ||||
| Study A (n=101) | ||||
| 0 mL (baseline) | 87 | 7.7 ± 3.0 | 86 | 9.3 ± 3.4 |
| 0.2 mL | 85 | 11.7 ± 4.3 | 85 | 15.7 ± 3.8 |
| 0.5 mL | 86 | 12.0 ± 4.9 | 91 | 15.8 ± 5.1 |
| 3.0 mL | 87 | 12.3 ± 4.4 | 88 | 16.7 ± 4.0 |
| 5.0 mL | 89 | 12.7 ± 4.9 | 90 | 16.6 ± 4.3 |
| Study B (n=102) | ||||
| 0 mL (baseline) | 89 | 8.1 ± 3.4 | 89 | 9.6 ± 3.7 |
| 0.2 mL | 90 | 11.3 ± 4.5 | 95 | 15.0 ± 5.3 |
| 0.5 mL | 95 | 12.4 ± 4.9 | 97 | 16.4 ± 4.6 |
| 3.0 mL | 94 | 12.6 ± 4.8 | 99 | 16.5 ± 4.7 |
| 5.0 mL | 92 | 13.0 ± 4.5 | 95 | 16.2 ± 5.1 |
| Mid-Chamber | Apex | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intensity at End-Diastole | Intensity at End-Systole | Intensity at End-Diastole | Intensity at End-Systole | |||||
| Optison dose | n | mean ± S.D. | n | mean ± S.D. | n | mean ± S.D. | n | mean ± S.D. |
| ||||||||
| Study A (n = 101) | ||||||||
| 0 mL (baseline) | 91 | 39.5 ± 16.9 | 91 | 40.0 ± 18.1 | 91 | 46.7 ± 19.7 | 91 | 46.9 ± 20.1 |
| 0.2 mL | 91 | 56.7 ± 26.2 | 91 | 55.4 ± 26.6 | 91 | 63.2 ± 28.9 | 91 | 61.1 ± 28.5 |
| 0.5 mL | 91 | 57.3 ± 26.8 | 90 | 57.4 ± 26.7 | 91 | 67.0 ± 30.1 | 90 | 64.1 ± 30.2 |
| 3.0 mL | 90 | 53.9 ± 22.5 | 90 | 55.8 ± 24.3 | 90 | 66.1 ± 28.2 | 90 | 61.8 ± 26.8 |
| 5.0 mL | 89 | 54.7 ± 24.0 | 89 | 57.9 ± 28.3 | 89 | 69.1 ± 30.4 | 89 | 63.7 ± 28.9 |
| Study B (n = 102) | ||||||||
| 0 mL (baseline) | 95 | 40.4 ± 17.4 | 95 | 40.9 ± 17.5 | 95 | 43.7 ± 19.9 | 95 | 45.0 ± 19.6 |
| 0.2 mL | 97 | 52.5 ± 21.0 | 97 | 51.5 ± 20.6 | 97 | 58.4 ± 22.2 | 97 | 56.0 ± 22.2 |
| 0.5 mL | 97 | 53.3 ± 20.7 | 96 | 53.6 ± 21.0 | 97 | 64.4 ± 25.3 | 96 | 61.6 ± 26.7 |
| 3.0 mL | 99 | 51.2 ± 23.6 | 99 | 55.6 ± 24.5 | 99 | 65.4 ± 26.3 | 99 | 62.7 ± 25.7 |
| 5.0 mL | 95 | 51.8 ± 23.8 | 95 | 55.6 ± 24.8 | 95 | 65.2 ± 28.1 | 95 | 62.8 ± 28.1 |
Optison is indicated for use in patients with suboptimal echocardiograms to opacify the left ventricle and to improve the delineation of the left ventricular endocardial borders. The safety and efficacy of Optison with exercise stress or pharmacologic stress testing have not been established.
Do not administer Optison to patients with known or suspected:
Do not administer Optison by intra-arterial injection.
Serious cardiopulmonary reactions, including fatalities, have occurred during or following perflutren-containing microsphere administration. The risk for these reactions may be increased among patients with pulmonary hypertension or unstable cardiopulmonary conditions (acute myocardial infarction, acute coronary artery syndromes, worsening or unstable congestive heart failure, serious ventricular arrhythmias or respiratory failure, including patients receiving mechanical ventilation). In these patients, monitor vital signs, electrocardiography, and cutaneous oxygen saturation during and for at least 30 minutes after Optison administration. In the absence of these underlying conditions, observe patients closely during and following Optison administration.
In postmarketing use, uncommon but serious reactions observed during or shortly following perflutren-containing microsphere administration included fatal cardiac or respiratory arrest, loss of consciousness, convulsions, symptomatic arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation), hypotension, respiratory distress or cardiac ischemia (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).
Always have cardiopulmonary resuscitation personnel and equipment readily available prior to Optison administration and monitor all patients for acute reactions.
Postmarketing reports of acute anaphylactoid reactions including shock, bronchospasm, upper airway swelling, loss of consciousness, urticaria and pruritus, have occurred in patients with no prior exposure to perflutren-containing microsphere products. Monitor all patients for signs and symptoms of anaphylactoid reactions (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).
In patients with right-to-left, bi-directional, or transient right-to-left cardiac shunts perflutren-containing microspheres can bypass the pulmonary particle-filtering mechanisms and directly enter the arterial circulation resulting in microvascular occlusion and ischemia. Do not administer Optison by intra-arterial injection (see CONTRAINDICATIONS).
High ultrasound mechanical index values may cause microsphere cavitation or rupture and lead to ventricular arrhythmias. Additionally, end-systolic triggering with high mechanical indices has been reported to cause ventricular arrhythmias. The safety of Optison at mechanical indices greater than 0.8 has not been evaluated. The safety of Optison with the use of end-systolic triggering has not been evaluated.
This product contains albumin, a derivative of human blood. Based on effective donor screening and product manufacturing processes, it carries an extremely remote risk for transmission of viral disease. A theoretical risk for transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) also is considered extremely remote. No cases of transmission of viral disease or CJD have ever been identified for albumin.
Immunologic tests of serum immunoglobulins, cytokines, and complement were monitored in a 3 week study of 20 healthy volunteers and 30 patients who received Optison or a 1% albumin control. Clinically relevant changes in the measured parameters were not noted. In another study 5 subjects received a skin test with Optison one year after receiving Optison. One subject had a positive skin test and was not given a repeat dose of Optison.
Patients receiving Optison should be instructed to inform their healthcare provider if they:
Animal studies were not carried out to determine the carcinogenic potential of Optison.
The result of the following genotoxicity studies with Optison were negative: 1) Salmonella/Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay, 2) in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration assay using Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) with and without metabolic activation, 3) CHO/HGPRT forward mutation assay, and 4) in vivo mammalian micronucleus assay.
Optison administered intravenously to rats during organogenesis at doses of 0.25, 5.0 and 10.0 mL/kg/day was fetotoxic at 0.25 and 5.0 mL/kg (approximately 0.2 and 5 times the recommended maximum human dose, respectively, based on body surface area). Fetotoxicity was characterized by an increased incidence of reversible delayed pelvic ossification, the incidence of which was not related to dose. Signs of maternal toxicity at 5 mL/kg included respiratory and motor signs. Maternal death occurred at 10 mL/kg. A no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for fetotoxicity was not determined. Teratogenic effects were not observed at doses up to 10 mL/kg/day. The NOAEL for maternal toxicity was 0.25 mL/kg.
Optison administered intravenously to rabbits during organogenesis at doses of 0.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mL/kg/day was embryofetal toxic at 2.5 and 5.0 mL/kg (approximately 5 and 10 times the recommended maximum human dose, respectively, based on body surface area). Embryofetal toxicity was characterized by a decrease in fetal body weight and an increase in embryofetal death. Teratogenic effects (cleft palates and dilation of the lateral ventricles of the brain associated with skull abnormalities and compression deformities) were observed at 2.5 mL/kg but not 5 mL/kg. Neither the incidence nor the severity of embryofetal toxicity and teratogenicity exhibited a dose-dependent relationship. Maternal toxicity (significant suppression of body weight gain, abnormal stool) was observed at 2.5 and 5.0 mL/kg with the greatest effect observed at 2.5 mL/kg. The NOAEL for embryofetal and maternal toxicity was 0.25 mL/kg (approximately 0.5 times the recommended maximum human dose).
Adequate or well-controlled studies were not conducted in pregnant women. Optison should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk caution should be exercised when Optison is administered to a nursing woman.
Safety and efficacy have not been established in pediatric patients, or in patients with congenital heart disease (see WARNINGS).
Optison was administered in clinical studies in 279 patients. Of these patients there were 192 (68.8%) men and 87 (31.2%) women. The racial demographics were 199 (71.3%) Caucasian, 52 (18.6%) Black, 24 (8.6%) Hispanic, and 4 (1.4%) other racial or ethnic groups.
In these patients, 47 (16.8%) reported at least one adverse event. Of these one event was serious and required treatment with antihistamines for hypersensitivity manifestations of dizziness, nausea, flushing and temperature elevation. Deaths were not reported during the clinical studies.
Of the reported adverse reactions following the use of Optison the most frequently reported were headache (5.4%), nausea and/or vomiting (4.3%), warm sensation or flushing (3.6%), and dizziness (2.5%). The most common adverse events observed in clinical studies of Optison are given in Table 4.
| ||
| No. of Patients Exposed to Optison™ | 279 | |
| No. of Patients Reporting on Adverse Event | 47 | (16.8%) |
| Body as a Whole | 38 | (13.6%) |
| Headache | 15 | (5.4%) |
| Warm Sensation/Flushing | 10 | (3.6%) |
| Chills/fever | 4 | (1.4%) |
| Flu-like Symptoms | 3 | (1.1%) |
| Malaise/Weakness/Fatigue | 3 | (1.1%) |
| Cardiovascular System | 12 | (4.3%) |
| Dizziness | 7 | (2.5%) |
| Chest Pain | 3 | (1.1%) |
| Digestive System | 12 | (4.3%) |
| Nausea and/or Vomiting | 12 | (4.3%) |
| Nervous System | 3 | (1.1%) |
| Respiratory System | 5 | (1.8%) |
| Dyspnea | 3 | (1.1%) |
| Skin & Appendages | 11 | (3.9%) |
| Injection Site Discomfort | 3 | (1.1%) |
| Erythema | 2 | (0.7%) |
| Special Senses | 9 | (3.2%) |
| Altered Taste | 5 | (1.8%) |
Adverse events reported in < 0.5% of subjects who received Optison included: arthralgia, back pain, body or muscle aches, induration, urticaria, dry mouth, eosinophilia, palpitations, paresthesia, photophobia, premature ventricular contraction, pruritus, rash, irritableness, hypersensitivity, tinnitus, tremor, visual blurring, wheezing, oxygen saturation decline due to coughing, discoloration at the Heplock site, and burning sensation in the eyes.
Overall the reported adverse events with Optison were similar in type and frequency to those reported in the 199 patients who received ALBUNEX®.
In the clinical dose ranging studies of 40 normal volunteers, doses higher than those recommended in the DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION section tended to be associated with an increased frequency of reported adverse events.
The following adverse reactions have been identified during the postmarketing use of perflutren-containing microsphere products. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Fatal cardiac arrests and other serious but non-fatal adverse reactions were uncommonly reported. Most of these uncommon reactions included cardiopulmonary symptoms and signs such as cardiac or respiratory arrest, hypotension, supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, respiratory distress or decreased oxygenation. Reports also identified neurologic reactions (loss of consciousness or convulsions) as well as anaphylactoid reactions (see WARNINGS).
The recommended dose of Optison is 0.5 mL injected into a peripheral vein. This may be repeated for further contrast enhancement as needed. See individualization of dose below.
Image quality in cardiac ultrasound is a function of the acoustic window which is influenced by many variables including body habitus, intervening lung tissue, adequacy of transducer skin interface and other acoustic factors. These variables may influence the ultrasound contrast effect.
If the contrast enhancement is inadequate after the dose of 0.5 mL, additional doses in increments of 0.5 mL up to 5.0 mL cumulatively in a 10 minute period may be injected intravenously up to a maximum total dose of 8.7 mL in any one patient study.
FOR SINGLE USE ONLY.
Optison does not contain preservatives. Bacterial contamination with the risk of post-infusion septicemia can occur if the container has been damaged or following puncture of the rubber cap. A single vial must not be used for more than one patient. Discard unused product properly.
DO NOT USE if the container has been damaged or the protective seal and/or rubber cap have been entered.
DO NOT USE if the upper white layer is absent. This indicates that the microspheres may have been damaged and may result in poor or no echo contrast.
DO NOT INJECT air into the vial.
DO NOT USE if after resuspending the Optison, the product remains clear rather than appearing opaque and milky-white.
The time from resuspension of the Optison to injection must not exceed one minute. If one minute is exceeded, resuspend the microspheres in the syringe by gently rotating and inverting the syringe.
Before injection, provide intravenous access in a peripheral vein with a 20-gauge or larger angiocatheter. Suggested methods of administration include: a short extension tubing, heparin lock, or intravenous line, all with a 3-way stopcock.
For short extension tubing or heparin lock: fill one syringe with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, and flush the line for patency before and after the injection of Optison.
For a continuous intravenous line: open an intravenous line with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP (or 5% Dextrose Injection, USP) at a slow infusion rate to maintain vascular patency. The line should be flushed immediately after injection of Optison.
DO NOT ASPIRATE blood back into the Optison containing syringe before administration; this may promote the formation of a blood clot within the syringe.
Optison (Perflutren Protein-Type A Microspheres Injectable Suspension, USP) is available in a carton of five 3 mL fills in single use 3 mL vials.
NDC 0407-2707-03
Store Optison refrigerated between 2°-8°C (36°-46°F).
Caution: Do not freeze.
Rx ONLY
Distributed by
GE Healthcare Inc.
Princeton, NJ 08540
Manufactured by
Mallinckrodt Inc.
St. Louis, MO 63042
Optison™ is a trademark of GE Healthcare.
GE and the GE Monogram are trademarks of General Electric Company.
ALBUNEX® is a trademark of Mallinckrodt Inc.
© 2008 General Electric Company - All rights reserved.
Printed in USA
Revised May 2008
OPT-1E
| Optison albumin human injection, suspension | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Sulbactam Pivoxil may be available in the countries listed below.
Sulbactam Pivoxil (USAN) is known as Sulbactam in the US.
International Drug Name Search
Glossary
| USAN | United States Adopted Name |
Midazolam Synthon may be available in the countries listed below.
Midazolam is reported as an ingredient of Midazolam Synthon in the following countries:
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Anginol-Lidocaine may be available in the countries listed below.
Dequalinium Chloride is reported as an ingredient of Anginol-Lidocaine in the following countries:
Lidocaine hydrochloride (a derivative of Lidocaine) is reported as an ingredient of Anginol-Lidocaine in the following countries:
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Merck-Ondansetron may be available in the countries listed below.
Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate (a derivative of Ondansetron) is reported as an ingredient of Merck-Ondansetron in the following countries:
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Ostirein may be available in the countries listed below.
Diacerein is reported as an ingredient of Ostirein in the following countries:
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Cimetidin Genericon may be available in the countries listed below.
Cimetidine is reported as an ingredient of Cimetidin Genericon in the following countries:
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Favistan may be available in the countries listed below.
Thiamazole is reported as an ingredient of Favistan in the following countries:
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Montair may be available in the countries listed below.
Montelukast sodium salt (a derivative of Montelukast) is reported as an ingredient of Montair in the following countries:
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Dicagel may be available in the countries listed below.
Cetrimide is reported as an ingredient of Dicagel in the following countries:
Lidocaine is reported as an ingredient of Dicagel in the following countries:
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Alkonatrem may be available in the countries listed below.
Demeclocycline hydrochloride (a derivative of Demeclocycline) is reported as an ingredient of Alkonatrem in the following countries:
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ox-i-TOE-sin
Oxytocin is not indicated for elective induction of labor since the available data is inadequate to evaluate the benefits-to-risks considerations .
Oxytocin is not indicated for elective induction of labor since the available data is inadequate to evaluate the benefits-to-risks considerations .
In the U.S.
Available Dosage Forms:
Therapeutic Class: Uterine Stimulant
Pharmacologic Class: Pituitary Hormone, Posterior
Oxytocin is a hormone used to help start or continue labor and to control bleeding after delivery. It is also sometimes used to help milk secretion in breast-feeding.
Oxytocin may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.
In general, oxytocin should not be used to start labor unless there are specific medical reasons. Be sure you have discussed this with your doctor before receiving oxytocin.
oxytocin is available only with your doctor's prescription.
Novartis Pharmaceuticals removed Syntocinon® nasal spray from the market in March 1995.
Once a medicine has been approved for marketing for a certain use, experience may show that it is also useful for other medical problems. Although this use is not included in product labeling, oxytocin is used in certain patients for the following:
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For oxytocin, the following should be considered:
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to oxytocin or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.
No information is available on the relationship of age to the effects of oxytocin in the pediatric population. Safety and efficacy have not been established.
No information is available on the relationship of age to the effects of oxytocin in geriatric patients.
| Pregnancy Category | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|
| All Trimesters | C | Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women. |
Studies suggest that this medication may alter milk production or composition. If an alternative to this medication is not prescribed, you should monitor the infant for side effects and adequate milk intake.
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of oxytocin. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:
A nurse or other trained health professional will give you oxytocin. oxytocin is given through a needle placed in one of your veins or as a shot into one of your muscles.
Oxytocin can be very useful for helping labor. However, there are certain risks with using it. Oxytocin causes contractions of the uterus. In women who are unusually sensitive to its effects, these contractions may become too strong. In rare cases, this may lead to tearing of the uterus. Also, if contractions are too strong, the supply of blood and oxygen to the fetus may be decreased.
Oxytocin may cause jaundice and eye problems such as retinal hemorrhage in some newborn infants. If you have concerns about this, ask your doctor.
oxytocin may cause a serious condition called water intoxication. Tell your doctor right away if you start having have confusion, drowsiness, headache, or seizures while you are receiving oxytocin.
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur:
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
See also: oxytocin Intravenous, Intramuscular side effects (in more detail)
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Magnescope may be available in the countries listed below.
Gadoteric Acid meglumine (a derivative of Gadoteric Acid) is reported as an ingredient of Magnescope in the following countries:
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Pharmadol may be available in the countries listed below.
Paracetamol is reported as an ingredient of Pharmadol in the following countries:
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Demeprazol may be available in the countries listed below.
Omeprazole is reported as an ingredient of Demeprazol in the following countries:
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Mellihexal may be available in the countries listed below.
Gliclazide is reported as an ingredient of Mellihexal in the following countries:
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Molsidomine Alter may be available in the countries listed below.
Molsidomine is reported as an ingredient of Molsidomine Alter in the following countries:
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Succi may be available in the countries listed below.
Suxamethonium Chloride is reported as an ingredient of Succi in the following countries:
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Mevilox may be available in the countries listed below.
Meloxicam is reported as an ingredient of Mevilox in the following countries:
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Midicel may be available in the countries listed below.
In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.
Sulfamethoxypyridazine is reported as an ingredient of Midicel in the following countries:
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Aygestin is a brand name of norethindrone, approved by the FDA in the following formulation(s):
Yes. The following products are equivalent to Aygestin:
Note: Fraudulent online pharmacies may attempt to sell an illegal generic version of Aygestin. These medications may be counterfeit and potentially unsafe. If you purchase medications online, be sure you are buying from a reputable and valid online pharmacy. Ask your health care provider for advice if you are unsure about the online purchase of any medication.
See also: About generic drugs.
There are no current U.S. patents associated with Aygestin.
In the US, Ortho Dienestrol is a member of the following drug classes: estrogens, miscellaneous vaginal agents and is used to treat Atrophic Urethritis and Atrophic Vaginitis.
Dienestrol is reported as an ingredient of Ortho Dienestrol in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Hyzan may be available in the countries listed below.
Ranitidine hydrochloride (a derivative of Ranitidine) is reported as an ingredient of Hyzan in the following countries:
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Metixene Hydrochloride may be available in the countries listed below.
Metixene Hydrochloride (BANM, JAN) is also known as Metixene (Rec.INN)
International Drug Name Search
Glossary
| BANM | British Approved Name (Modified) |
| JAN | Japanese Accepted Name |
| Rec.INN | Recommended International Nonproprietary Name (World Health Organization) |
Prontoferro may be available in the countries listed below.
Ferrous Gluconate is reported as an ingredient of Prontoferro in the following countries:
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Metformina Alpharma may be available in the countries listed below.
Metformin hydrochloride (a derivative of Metformin) is reported as an ingredient of Metformina Alpharma in the following countries:
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In the US, Mangafodipir (mangafodipir systemic) is a member of the drug class magnetic resonance imaging contrast media.
US matches:
Rec.INN
V08CA05
0155319-91-8
C22-H30-Mn-N4-O14-P2
691
Diagnostic agent
Hexahydrogen (OC-6-13)-[[N,N'-ethylenebis[N-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridyl]methyl]glycine] 5,5'-bis-(phosphato)](8-)]manganate(6-) (WHO)
International Drug Name Search
Glossary
| BAN | British Approved Name |
| BANM | British Approved Name (Modified) |
| IS | Inofficial Synonym |
| OS | Official Synonym |
| PH | Pharmacopoeia Name |
| Rec.INN | Recommended International Nonproprietary Name (World Health Organization) |
| USAN | United States Adopted Name |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
Sulfanil NF may be available in the countries listed below.
Lidocaine hydrochloride (a derivative of Lidocaine) is reported as an ingredient of Sulfanil NF in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Ph. Eur.
D08AK03
0007487-94-7
Hg-Cl2
271
Antibacterial
Antiseptic
Disinfectant
Obsolete substance
Mercuric chloride
Mercury bichloride
Mercury(II)-chloride
International Drug Name Search
Glossary
| IS | Inofficial Synonym |
| JAN | Japanese Accepted Name |
| OS | Official Synonym |
| PH | Pharmacopoeia Name |
| Ph. Eur. | European Pharmacopoeia |
In the US, Pravachol (pravastatin systemic) is a member of the drug class statins and is used to treat High Cholesterol, High Cholesterol - Familial Heterozygous, Hyperlipoproteinemia, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IIa - Elevated LDL, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IIb - Elevated LDL VLDL, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III - Elevated beta-VLDL IDL, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV - Elevated VLDL, Ischemic Stroke - Prophylaxis, Myocardial Infarction - Prophylaxis and Revascularization Procedures - Prophylaxis.
US matches:
Pravastatin sodium salt (a derivative of Pravastatin) is reported as an ingredient of Pravachol in the following countries:
International Drug Name Search
Gen-Gabapentin may be available in the countries listed below.
Gabapentin is reported as an ingredient of Gen-Gabapentin in the following countries:
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Mastiplan may be available in the countries listed below.
In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.
Cefapirin sodium salt (a derivative of Cefapirin) is reported as an ingredient of Mastiplan in the following countries:
Prednisolone is reported as an ingredient of Mastiplan in the following countries:
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Fluzepam may be available in the countries listed below.
Flurazepam is reported as an ingredient of Fluzepam in the following countries:
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Sonexa may be available in the countries listed below.
Dexamethasone 21-(disodium phosphate) (a derivative of Dexamethasone) is reported as an ingredient of Sonexa in the following countries:
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Tget may be available in the countries listed below.
Gatifloxacin is reported as an ingredient of Tget in the following countries:
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Mepronet may be available in the countries listed below.
Metoprolol tartrate (a derivative of Metoprolol) is reported as an ingredient of Mepronet in the following countries:
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